Db Lab Report - 847 Words

The repair of DSBs NHEJ initiates when the DSBs is first recognized by the Ku heterodimer, composed of the Ku70 and Ku80 proteins and binds to the DSB in a sequence-independent manner and in doing so and protects them from nucleolytic cleavage [33, 34]. The Ku heterodimer then acts as a scaffold to recruits number NHEJ proteins including DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) to the DNA ends. DNA-PKcs is a nuclear protein kinase that phosphorylates a number of protein targets, including Artemis. Once phosphorylated, Artemis forms an active endonucleolytic complex with DNA-PKcs that processes the DSB ends to make them compatible for ligation [33, 34]. Pol  µ and Pol ÃŽ » fill in the DNA gaps and lastly the XRCC4/Ligase IV complex is recruited†¦show more content†¦In the synapsis step, the Rad51-ssDNA filament (presynaptic filament) performs homology search and DNA strand invasion on a homologous region of another duplex, which results in the formation of a displacement loop (D-loop) [40]. In the post-synapsis stage of HR the invading 3†² end of the D-loop primes DNA synthesis by a DNA polymerase, which extends the D-loop enabling the second 3’ single strand terminal end of the DSB to base-pair with it - a process that is called second end capture. Once captured the second end can itself prime DNA synthesis, and the result of these â€Å"DNA transactions† is the covalent linkage of the recombining DNA molecules via two HJs. Depending on how the HJs are processed to form mature recombinant products three sub-pathways of HR are distinguished. In the canonical DSBR model the two HJs (doubleHJ/dHJ) can move along the DNA by a process called branch migration, which extends or limits the region of DNA heteroduplex formed by strand exchange catalyzed in the second step. Subsequently, dHJ intermediate could be resolved by endonucleases such as the Mus81-Eme1/Mms4 complex, Slx1-Slx4 and the GEN1/Yen1, resulting in the formation of either crossovers (CO) or non -crossover (NCO) recombinants depending on the orientation in which each HJ is cleavedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Method of Limits907 Words   |  4 PagesLab 4: Methods of limits Elizabeth Bryan Florida State University Lab 4: Method of limits. Sound waves are created when an object vibrates. They have two main components: frequency (pitch; measured in Hertz (Hz)) and amplitude (loudness, intensity; measured in decibels (dB)). The method of limits is a psychophysical method in which a particular dimension of a stimulus, or the difference between two stimuli, is varied incrementally until the participant responds differently. The change in stimulusRead MoreBuilding An Application For Hospital Management And Patient Health Records Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesMongo lab in our application deployment. Each record and its associated data will be stored in a single document thus simplifies the data access. Here, unlike SQL databases, the documents stored are schema free and similar to each other, this is a big advantage of NoSQL and helps in modelling unstructured data. We also use the tokenization concept to ensure security. We convert the user credentials like name, password, phone no, email id etc. into ASCII values and st ore it in separate mongo db. TheRead MorePersonal Statement Of A Pilot925 Words   |  4 PagesDB was the name he gave himself. DB lost more than 80% of his hearing when he was a little child. 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What are the expectationsRead MoreEssay on Database Server Security Demands Opnet Ilab1153 Words   |  5 Pages execute the enter command and ping all of the Servers and Host PCs including the Attack PC. Select the CLI commands within the Virtual CLI window using your mouse. Click the copy button and use V to paste the commands and output results into your lab document. ISP_Routerenable ISP_Router#show ip interface brief Interface IP Address OK? Method Status FastEthernet0/0 200.100.0.1 YES NVRAM up FastEthernet1/0 200.100.40.1 YES NVRAM up Serial0/0 200.100.10.1 YES NVRAM up Read MoreThe Impact Of Technological Impacts To Electronic Health Records1740 Words   |  7 Pagescare organizations there are more reasons to embrace technology in order to aggregate and report results in order to collect compensation. It is a good deal easier to retrieve and track patient information using an EHR as well as patient registries than to utilize and try to review sketchy paper charts. EHRs are much more improved and structured than paper charts, allowing for a much quicker retrieval of lab or imaging results. It is also to be expected that an EHR will have an electronic troubleshootingRead MoreUses And Functions Of Oscilloscopes And The Methods Used For Measure A System s Time Constant2314 Words   |  10 PagesStatement of Objectives The objective of this lab was to gain understanding of the use and functions of oscilloscopes and the methods used to measure a system’s time constant. Several methods were used throughout the laboratory in order to gain familiarity with the equipment as well as investigate characteristics of an RC high pass filter. The ability to problem solve and critically think was necessary for completion of this laboratory and therefore an objective. Apparatus Table 1. List ofRead MoreEmbedded Blended Learning Within An Algebra Classroom : A Multimedia Capture Experiment882 Words   |  4 PagesSix-Year Review of Student Success in a Biology Course Using Lecture, Blended, and Hybrid Methods. Journal Of College Science Teaching, 43(6), 14-19. Retrieved from https://wgu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=eftAN=96434844site=eds-livescope=site This article was published in the Journal of College Science Teaching which is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the National Science Teachers Association. The research is a case study of the teachingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment1309 Words   |  6 Pageswent on for years (from 1932 to 1972) and throughout the entire thing human beings were used as laboratory animals (The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 2000). Unfortunately, this study was conducted when racism was still common, meaning that the human â€Å"lab rats† were poor black men, because they were seen as lesser beings. These men were lied to in order to ensure their cooperation with the study. The lies told to them included the omission of what was actually wrong with them, instead of telling theRead MoreRelational And Non Relational Database Model Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesoverview of the benchmarks used to evaluate the reliability and performance of databases. 2.1 Relational and Non-Relational Database Concept The relational database model was invented in 1970, by Edgar Ted Codd, a Mathematician at IBM’s San Jose Research Lab in California, United States of America. At the time, nobody realized that Codd’s theories would spark a technological database revolution. Until 1970, a database stored large volume of data using hierarchical data model that was difficult to navigate

Adolescence Infancy And Childhood Development - 890 Words

Infancy and Childhood Development When babies are born, their brains are ready to learn. As they learn, their brains grow. This helps them learn about the world around them. This also gives them a chance to explore the world around them in new ways. Exploring and trying things out is how babies learn. Although brain development is natural, there is a lot more to it than developing on its own. Brain development comes from moms, dads, siblings, aunts, uncles, caregivers and just the people around the babies. We help babies learn about the world around them. We give babies chances to touch, taste, see, hear, and smell as they can. We give them chances to do and learn many of things. We just have to do the right things that support brain development, such as, being caring and supportive, paying attention to the babies, giving them what they need, and providing a rich learning environment. In this essay I will focus on what babies and toddlers need from caregivers for normal brain development. Communication is key for babies and brain development. Communication sets a positive mood for babies, gives them self-confidence, independence in new task, cooperativeness and prevents them from engaging in bad behavior. Communication is important because it reflects on everyday events. This helps babies and toddlers build an internal mental life with a cultural worldview. This also prepares them for literacy. The more you speak to your children, the better vocabulary they will have. InShow MoreRelatedParenting Style Affects Our Lifelong Brain Development Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages(1983), four parenting styles are established: authoritative, neglectful, permissive, and authoritarian. Most of us spend at least 18 years or longer with our parent(s) so it leads to a question that if parenting style affects our lifelong brain development. Authoritative parents are demanding and responding. They are being supportive, accepting, and child centred. Authoritarian parents are highly demanding and not responding. They give orders to their children, require them to obey it, and followRead MoreThe Birth Weight Of A Newborn1261 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the moment a newborn is birthed into the world they begin their physical development at a larger rate than any other period of their life. The first year of life is full of rapid physical growth in all aspects such as weight, height, limb lengths and even the physical growth of internal organs. On average, the birth weight of a newborn will double by the time they reach six months old and triple at the end of their first year of life. While weight is steadily increasing there is also an expansionRead More7 Stages of Development1002 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 2: Human Development There are seven stages a human moves through during his or her life span. 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They watch them grow through school, where they will make new friends, go on dates and get their driver s license. During this time, the parent role adjusts to their child s needs, giving support, guidance and love along the way. During infancy, a parent s role is that of nurturer and provider. It is a parent s primary function to respond to the needs of the child. They are responsible for the everyday care of the infant, such as eating, diapering and bathing. From these day to day interactionsRead MoreImportance of Nutrition in Human Development923 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Importance of Nutrition to Development: Nutrition is described as an interdisciplinary science that emphasizes on the study of nutrients, foods, health, and other food constituents. In the past few years, knowledge regarding the field has been growing rapidly to an extent that it has become large. 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War Poetry Wilfred Owen Free Essays

War Poetry I have studied two poems, ‘Dulce et decorum est’ and ‘The Sentry’ both by the poet Wilfred Owen. The first one I will study is ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. The first thing Owen does is to give us a vivid description of what is happening, he tells us that he and his men are marching away from the trenches, and the way Owen describes his men gives us a clear picture of what they have been through. We will write a custom essay sample on War Poetry Wilfred Owen or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags† They had been in the trenches, terrible places, with bullets and shells flying constantly overhead, explosions all around, the constant fear of death. These men were leaving the hell of the front, they were going to rest. But they still have a long way to go before they are safe, they are still within the range of artillery. Despite of this, they march on â€Å"towards their distant rest†, they are walking in deep mud, which covered most of the battlefield, and for this reason, there are some of the men have no boots on, but still they â€Å"limp on, blood shod†. They are described as being â€Å"drunk with fatigue†, they are exhausted, but still, they march on. Then suddenly, the call â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick boys! â€Å", a gas shell had dropped nearby. Gas was the most brutal of weapons used in the war, it burned the skin, the eyes, and when breathed in, it burnt the lungs, which the body then filled with water, bringing on a slow agonising death for the unfortunate victim. The soldiers’ reaction to this attack is described as â€Å"an ecstasy of fumbling†, which is a great way of describing what is happening, the men are trying desperately to get out their gas masks before they are engulfed by the cloud. How to cite War Poetry Wilfred Owen, Essays

Critical Article on MacBeth Essay Example For Students

Critical Article on MacBeth Essay William Empson disagreed with many of J. M. Robertson, LiteraryDetection (1931), about certain points surrounding MacBeth. The eye winkat the hand, yet let that be which the eye fear, when tis done, to see. isa line from MacBeth which to Robertson appeared particularly vulgar. William Empson discusses this point and says that he throws out a numberof them which seem to me to sum up the thought of the play.. I agree withWilliams on this point because what Robertson passed off for being vulgar,I believe helped to sum up certain points which a scene is trying to make. For example, Robertson calls this line of MacBeth: Hover through the fogand filthy air. He even goes so far to call that a vacuous tag-line. This is a example of a line which sums up a certain point that Robertsonhas passed off as horrid. Empson points out that it establishes from thestart the theme of fog and I am within full agreement with Empson when heremarks that comment of the line. Certain lines to MacBeth, which Empson described as essential, weredisregarded by Robertson as having no sense. This paragraph shows anexample of what Robertson disregarded:But cruel are the times, when we are traitors And do not knowourselves, when we hold rumour From what we fear, yet know not what wefear, Each way and move.Robertson, after contemplating this passage, remarked that this iscertainly not Shakespeares because of the earlier point based above. Empson believes that Robertsons flaw comes within his translation of thelines, hold rumour could be like hold parley with' and goes through aretranslation of this short passage. No one who had experienced civil warcould say it had no sense. is a line which briefly sums up Robertsonsreasons for his earlier claim on this passage, his lack of experiencing acivil war. Empson does a wonderful job placing himself as the firstaudience of Shakespeare and reliving these events to their raw meaning. Ibelieve that once youve lived through a civil war with its traitors andviolent times, this passage comes through more clearly and can be seeneasier. A third point which Empson rebukes, Before my body, I throw mywarlike shield is an example of a line which Robertson remarked asadmittedly intolerable, known even by its defenders to be very bad. Robertson even goes so far as to say that (E.K.) Chambers does notdistinguish between the sense of style and the sense of sense implyingthat Chambers is not capable of examining this line fully. I believe thisline to be a powerful line showing that MacBeth is trying to protecthimself with the last of his bodily protection that he possesses. Isuspect the trouble is merely that the critics dont see the point. is aline which states clearly the problems of the previous 2 critics misleadinterpretations. William Empson has led several strong arguments againstRobertsons translation of the story MacBeth. I agree with the pointsbrought up by William Empson and believe that Robertson misinterpreted keyevents in the play of MacBeth.

Рow Golding presents Goody and Roger Essay Example

Ð  ow Golding presents Goody and Roger Essay Goody and Roger have a forbidden relationship throughout the novel because both are already in relationships. However, their affair could have been prevented or at least ended by Jocelin by stopping the building of the spire. Jocelin does not choose to do this but sacrifices many of his characters in order to get the spire built. He married Goody to Pangall to satisfy his own feelings and therefore set up Goody to unhappiness and her want for Roger. Therefore it is sin that brought the relationship together which shows the reader that the relationship is not a good one that may end in tragedy. Golding presents this sinful relationship by firstly talking about the individual characters of Goody and Roger; he talks about it as a major evil and talks about the pregnancy from the relationship. In chapter one the reader is given the view that Goody Pangall is a religious character and therefore we feel that she would not sin. Goody Pangall is a daughter in God. Goodys name also suggests that she is good instead of evil because of the Good in Goody. However, as we already know the relationship she has with Roger is not a good one but is evil. We will write a custom essay sample on Ð  ow Golding presents Goody and Roger specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ð  ow Golding presents Goody and Roger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ð  ow Golding presents Goody and Roger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This contrast highlights the evil in Goody more because it is not expected. The reader can see indications of evil in Goody though because she has red hair. Red symbolises evil. Jocelin speaks of Roger as if he does not like him but the reader sees that Roger is the better person. For example, Roger listens to his workers for when talking to Jocelin he says, sometimes the army does the leading. However, Roger is a Pagan and therefore we see him to be evil. Therefore as Roger is evil and Goody is good when the two combine it gives and unusual relationship, but shows the kind of deception that is in the church. Things are not always what they seem. Goody has these feelings because of how her marriage with Pangall was formed; she cannot help but have feelings for Roger. Roger is a sexual character as he compared to a bull. Therefore he is attracted to Goody because as we have seen from earlier descriptions she is a very attractive person and Rachel cannot have children just as Pangall cannot give Goody a child. Rogers sexuality cannot be shown with Rachel because he cannot have a child that way. When Goody gets pregnant, Jocelin says that the blood of childbirth never ceases to flow showing how bad this relationship is and how unpleasant and painful it is for other characters to see such as Pangall. This relationship is wickedness. The pregnancy is a major evil but Jocelin mentioned that God wanted the relationship, for the spire however he did not want the pregnancy. When Jocelin mentions that God was prepared for the relationship for the spire, he actually meant himself but was trying to justify is with Gods will. Instead of the pregnancy being a good thing, because of the sign of new life, it is made to be evil. It can be compared to Mary and Joseph to show how bad it is. Mary became pregnant but however was still a virgin and carried Jesus. Therefore she was good and was chosen by God. Goody was married to Pangall however became pregnant by Roger. Their relationship can also be linked to the fall as female sexuality is shown to be tempting to males. Men would slide down the church like the fall of a mountain. This shows the fall of men from the church to hell. The four columns would open apart like a flower, the flower being the woman and then the men would fall because they tempt them. Goodys sexuality tempted Roger as Eve tempted Adam to eat the apple. The eating of the apple was wrong showing again that the relationship is wrong and that God will punish them. The relationship between Roger and Goody does not seem a very comfortable or equal one. Roger seems to be more powerful as she stood looking up at him. Goody is underneath him in power because she tempted him. However, she did indeed breakaway because she knows that the relationship is wrong therefore showing that the relationship is not a good one and is evil. They do not seem comfortable together but they feel they need to be together. She was still staring, her mouth open, showing that she is attracted to him however she also stood shaking her head showing she is ashamed and knows that it is wrong what she is doing. This relationship is an evil one which ends in tragedy of Goody Pangall dying and Roger ending up a drunk. This was Gods punishment to the sinful relationship. Golding presents the two characters as having their own fall however; it was created because of Jocelins sacrifice.

mp3 essays

mp3 essays The trading of MP3's or digital music over the Internet is all ways going to be an important part of the music industry, and is an unrealistic goal to try to control. The cost of controlling the piracy issues over the Internet would cost record companies more money than what they are losing due to MP3 trading. The record industry is trying to fight the major sites and companies in court with copyright suits. Quinlan states Although downloading music over the Internet and playing it back on computer or portable digital music players has become increasingly popular, major record labels have been slow to embrace distribution over the Web because of the difficulty in preventing unauthorized and unpaid copying of songs. MP3 is a file format which compresses audio files to efficiently store the audio data in files that can be easily downloaded on the Internet. MP3 files are identified by the file extension MP3 and require specialized players which decompress the files and then play the audio files like a regular CD. For all practical purposes, MP3 files can be exact, near-perfect digital copies of the original recorded material. In other words, an MP3 file is a near-perfect copy of a CD and can be stored on a computer or other data storage media. MP3 shrinks audio files in such a way that sound quality is preserved, but the file size is significantly smaller than it would be as a regular CD song file. This means you are able to download an entire song in only a few minutes. After that, you can play the song instantly, as many times as you want, regardless of your modem speed! Kimmel states Quite simply, the technology behind the MP3 audio format allows for high compression ratio and CD- quality sound. An MP3 file compresses a sound file to one-twelfth its MP3 has made it possible to download quality audio from the Web very quickly, causing it to become a worldwide auditi...

Case study stage q Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stage q - Case Study Example In addition, the essay also relays policies aimed at to bringing the centre into a 21st century complex hence have a high competitive advantage in the market. Porter’s Five Forces Model Buyer’s Power This is the customer’s ability to purchase the UR UMUC Healthy fitness center’s products at reasonable prices compared to other corporations (Baltzan, 2013). In UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center, increase of the buyer’s power will significantly boost business’s performance. Therefore, the business will yield to the setting reasonable prices intended to attract large client pool. Supplier power This is the power by suppliers to supply the centre with required quality equipment at a much higher price (Baltzan, 2013). The supplier power brings a neutral impact to the business. The above force is also not vital and ought not to appear among the institution’s strategies. Threat of substitute products or services This brings out how the customers c an switch to the competitors’ services and products at the expense of UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center merchandise (Baltzan, 2013). This force negatively affects the fitness centre because it reflects to high loss rate in the centre. It is also fundamental to include strategies and policies that attract competitors’ customers to opt for our products and services. ... Yes, it is vital to consider the factor while devising strategies of avoiding competition against UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center as well as come up with ways of competing with new entrants. Rivalry among existing competitors The intensity of rivalry between competitors is a major determinant of the UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center’s success (Baltzan, 2013). This factor neutrally affects the centre as UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center can be the most preferred destination by numerous customers. The force ought to be included in the strategy making process to ensure the centre does not incur major losses due to competition. If the company’s competitors provide quality services and attractive products, the centre is most likely to have higher losses. Porter’s three Generic Strategies are vital in a business to ensure they have attained high competitive advantage (Baltzan, 2013). In order for UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center to improve and achieve a 21st century standard, I opt to employ the differentiation Strategy. This entails the business should strive to become unique in the market than its competitors (Baltzan, 2013). The strategy also encompasses emphasis on branding, advertising, design, service, quality, and new product development (Baltzan, 2013). For instance, UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center can be exceptional in providing the best customer service in the industry via studying its client’s behavior. In addition, we can be unique by providing Wi-Fi services in the centre to achieve technological advancement level, hence ensuring the clients feeling the institution not only avails the required necessities, but aids them to be in touch with whom they love or need. The most important business area which UR UMUC Healthy Fitness Center ought to improve is the

Application statement for MSc Marketing Personal

Application for MSc Marketing - Personal Statement Example Some courses that I have taken from the course modules are social psychology, research and data analysis, clinical psychology, personal financial planning, financial accounting, among others. I worked as a research assistant in a cultural and family laboratory where part of my responsibilities include interviewing children and conducting cognitive tasks. Further, I had previous work experience as an intern at a law firm last summer in London, where I had the privilege of visiting courts, prisons, and drafting legal documents, to name a few. It is during these work experiences that I realized the relevance of marketing in the service oriented organizations – I remunerated that without people with marketing skills, the services offered would not be promoted, advertised, and relayed in strategic approaches to entice target customers into availing of these services, either in academic institutions or law firms. These provided the impetus for my realization of how dynamic marketing responsibilities are compared with other equally relevant organizational functions of accounting, finance, and administration.

Advertising and promotion strategies of three different companies in Essay

Advertising and promotion strategies of three different companies in the cosmetic industry - Essay Example Advertising and promotion strategies of three different companies in the cosmetic industry The major strategy behind the advertising campaigns of the group is to highlight the brand in each and every product. The strategy is that it relates its product line to those individuals who deserves the best and is cautious about the beauty products they use. It advertises its products as premium priced but believes to deliver the best quality cosmetic products. It uses several communication or media channels and highlights is growth over the years to its customers. Apart from the advertising strategies of its newly launched products the company also undertakes promotional strategies through various forms such as using in-store promotions in retail outlets, direct marketing to YouTube and through bloggers, promotions through contests in the form of digital contest in Facebook and Instagram, and even given an opportunity to the customers to customize their products in terms of size and smell so as to associate with the customers easily. The main strategy behind the promotions is to reach out to large consumer market section. The company even incorporates many celebrity endorsements in its product advertisement. The major strength of its advertisement and promotional techniques is that it helps to trigger in the consumer mind the brand name; it helps to create a niche market in the industry and also strengthens its brand. The weakness of the strategies is that it focuses on premium segment of the market and loses behind the vast section of the middle income group of the market.

The Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay

The Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay From the dawn of the age of the Man, solutions to a number of problems were sought after for generations, everywhere under the blue sky and above great heavens. But have we really looked into that one place where we truly can find them; the Human Mind? From the moment you were born, you encountered a number of problems of which, survival was of utmost importance. You may not recall, but there came a moment when you could no longer stay within the safety of your mothers womb. So after being propelled through a birth canal, you encountered the need to fill your lungs with sufficient amounts of air keep the oxygen supply to the streaming blood. By instinct you made your first cry and took your very first breath; the mysterious problem of need to breath was solved. After a number of years, here you are, trying to understand why you need to learn how to solve problems. So whats there to learn about solving problems? What makes it important to learn about solving problems? Is this going to be a waste of time? All these questions will be answered by the end of this paper. But, just so that we know where exactly we are heading, I would like to bring your attention to the following statement. The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. -Albert Einstein- (1879 -1955) Therefore we are going to take a journey towards understanding what a problem is, how to understand the details of a problem properly, how to approach in solving a problem and finally how do we proceed beyond that. By the end of this tutorial, you will have gained the following skills. Understanding what a problem is. Approaching a problem with an investigative narrative. Using various techniques to address a problem and come to an agreeable solution. Leading up on a solution to a given problem. What is a problem? In the simplest terms, a problem is a challenge that is posed on an individual or a group of people with the intention of overcoming it. Such a challenge creates a state in the environment that requires resolution. So when you come across a problem, always think in terms that this is a state that needs be resolved. Never ever think of it in terms of being a hazard that needs to be tackled and thrown off of your head as soon as possible. Problems and Confidence: Any problem can be addressed in a number of ways and some of them may fail while others would bring agreeable results. There could be situations where the only way to reach to an agreeable solution is to make some compromises. Never the less, taking a positive attitude towards problems covers the most important factor needed in solving a problem; confidence. But you must also understand that just like under confidence gets in the way of solving a problem successfully, so would over confidence. It is by striking a balance you will reach a state of mind best suited to addressing a problem. When you wish to solve a problem, having faith on yourself itself will not take you anywhere. Instead, you should strengthen yourself with a number of techniques and tools that will help you build that confidence. The purpose of teaching you this particular module is to give you a starting point on such techniques, tricks and tools. Then you may use these tools at your disposal and become a successful problem solver. Problem Investigation Techniques: Just like any complex endeavor, problem solving itself consists of a number of interrelated tasks that must be addressed in a gradual, step-by-step manner. This approach makes understanding, planning and understanding a problem better, allowing you to come to a solution that is agreeable enough. In the simplest terms, we are trying to understand a problem so that we can plan ahead and face it well. This is what we are trying to achieve by analyzing a problem. Given below are a set of steps you may take in getting a better grasp at the root of a problem. State the problem you are about to solve in a well detailed manner: Try to be precise as well as detailed. Even though you already know the problem well enough, by making sure that you actually note it down, you will have the advantage of your visuals sensory system coupled with part of your brain trying to come to a better interpretation of the problem. In preparing a problem statement, you may ask the following questions from yourself. Is it a question you must answer? Is it an obstacle you must overcome? Is it a person you must persuade? Is it a decision you must make? Is it an opponent you must defeat? Is it a goal you must achieve? Is it a goal you must set? Is it a problem you must define? Has the problem being defined for you? State the parts of the problem that can be addressed separately: The great emperor Julies Caesar is attributed to the saying Divide et Impera in Latin which translates to Divide and Conquer in English. We will be taking the same approach in dividing a relatively complex problem into a smaller and comparatively less complex set of problems that can each be addressed individually. During this step, you may ask following questions from yourself. Is the problem really a collection of many problems? Can you divide the problem by defining terms? Are there any implicit terms to define? Can abstract terms be restated in concrete terms? Can the problem be solved in steps? Are half-way solutions possible? Can the problem be substantially solved? Is a partial solution better than none? State the problem in the broadest terms: There is an inherent deficiency in most forms of human communication in delivering sub-textual messages via common communication methods. Same could have happened with the problem you are trying to solve when it was introduced to you. Therefore, instead of looking at the problems face value, you may take an effort to take a look at the big picture. In doing so you may ask following questions from yourself. Is the problem part of a larger one? Is it geographically broader? Is it an effect of a larger problem? Is it only a sign or symptom? Can concrete terms be restated in abstract terms? Is a general solution possible? Is a political solution possible? Is a group solution possible? State your role in solving the problem: Identifying what your role in solving a given problem is very important. Some problems are posed on an individual, and some are on a group. Just like one must know how to play his role in a group so that an agreeable solution can be reached, the same is true with an individual trying to solve a problem. One must understand what type of a role he will be playing (i.e. evasive, neutral, hasty, etc.) to better position himself in the contextual environment of a problem that needs to be solved. You may ask following question from yourself in undertaking this step. Was the problem presented to you? Do you accept the challenge? Should you volunteer yourself to solve the problem? Are your emotions dependency factors in reaching a particular solution? Will you be assuming a certain role in solving a problem? State the names and interests of others who are involved: Knowing what role you will be playing in solving is never complete without knowing what other parties are taking an interest in the same problem, problem solving process, or the outcomes of the final solution. Close attention must be paid to observing their interests and roles they play in any given problem, let it be friendly or hostile. Ask yourself the following questions in completing this task. Has this problem being presented to others? Can you delegate the problem? Can you delegate selected parts of the problem or the problem solving process? Who else is interested in the problem itself or the solution to the problem? Who else is directly affected by the solution? Who else is indirectly affected by the solution? State solutions to a similar problem found in the past: There is a very popular term not only in the academia, but also in various other fields, that one should never reinvent the wheel. It is in fact figurative speech used in order to say that one should never waste resources in perfecting an entity that is already perfect for a given purpose. In the same manner, it would be a waste to solve a problem that has already been solved before in an agreeable manner. You may simply use such solutions as references and either apply them directly or adapt them to the specifics of a given problem. Take some time and ask yourself the following questions. Were you able to identify any problems from the past that are already of the same nature? What similarities were you able to identify? What dissimilarities were you able to identify? Can solutions to such problems be applied to the problem at hand? Has your research provided with any agreeable enough solutions to your problem? State the affects of time factor over the problem and the solution: Even though a number of factors are needed to be managed precisely, none of them precede the importance of managing time in most of the situations. In time-critical problems late solutions are the same as no solutions at all. Therefore in solving a problem, ask yourself the following questions and try to understand how exactly the time factor affects the end solution. How will the problem evolve over time? Is there a deadline for the problem to be solved? What are the possibilities of postponing the solving process for a given problem? State your proposed solution to a given problem: It is not enough that you understand the problem itself and previous solutions; you must also come to the point of proposing a solution that is agreeable enough as well. First step to clarifying the problem is listing down the solution clearly enough that no part of it is misunderstood, leading to further unexpected problems. During this stage, ask yourself the following questions. What actions must be taken? Who must take each and every action? When must each action be taken exactly? What steps must be taken in the case of a failure or setback? State if the proposed solution is feasible enough to be used in the context: Once a problem is properly analyzed, understood and solution provided, the flow is not completed until you take initiation in doing a figurative postmortem of your own solution. Here you will try to understand how feasible a solution actually is compared to the stakes of the problem itself. What are the dependencies the provided solution has? Is the solution resource conserving? Does the solution meet various budgetary constraints? Is the solution legally acceptable? Is the solution morally acceptable? Now that you have completed a tiresome set of tasks that will actually help you understand a problem properly, address various steps in solving a problem, now you are ready to actually solve the problem. Pat yourself in the back and repeat the following words after meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ GET SET READY GO!

Instant Messenger Changed My Life (For the Better!) :: Internet Essays

Instant Messenger Changed My Life (For the Better!) Since I was in Seventh or Eighth grade I have used AOL Instant Messenger as a way to communicate with my friends and family. I would sit â€Å"online† for hours upon hours talking to my friends. You weren’t cool unless you had AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) at your home. Every since the day I started using it I have become â€Å"addicted† to it. For a couple of months when it first came out it was kind of taking over my life. It would be the first thing I did when I got home from school, take a break for dinner then go straight back to chatting online until my mom forced me to go to bed. I never thought of it as a learning experience until I got a little older. When thinking back on how I learned to do things on the computer and/or some things in everyday life they all connect to AIM in a strange way. AIM had forced me to write and talk like I would type. I would use abbreviations and even spell words shorter on paper so they would be faster to write down just like on AIM when you use shorter spellings to type faster. For example the word because, first became shortened to cause then it became â€Å"cuz† since it was only three letters instead of the original seven. I think it was just around the age of sixteen when I could finally drive, that I stopped being so obsessed with AIM. Although when I left home for college, I quickly became once again obsessed. I found that instead of doing my homework I’d try to talk to my friends that didn’t have away messages up. If they did have a message up I’d check it like five times just in case it changed. Even when I have class or go to work I don’t sign off, I just put an away message up explaining to my friends and family where I am and how to get a hold of me. Now my sister who is thirteen is â€Å"a ddicted† to AIM and following in the same footsteps as myself. She would rather spend her entire summer vacation inside on the computer rather than swimming, rollerblading or riding her bike with friends.

Men’s Wearhouse: Success in a Declining Industry Essay

Diagnosis: After reading the whole case, I believe that the hiring policy was not followed was the biggest problem. The reason that was because the regional and district managers did not really follow the way it should be. Since the company expanded rapidly, the managers had the pressure to fill positions quickly in order to run the company well. At the meanwhile, managers had to check a large numbers of applications from sales people from other retailers and it was really hard for managers to recognize who were potentially consultants, not clerks. Therefore, there was tendency to hire those who had more experiences. The company spent a lot of resources on training people who grew up in retail they lack of potential to be consultants and mentally being a sort of â€Å"clerk† kind and it would be less effective. Also when they face to customers they probably lack of passion and sluggishly during work. The long-term impact of the problem would be there were not enough employees qualified as consultants and clerks would not get promoted. And customers who were treated sluggishly would not come back, eventually would affect company’s reputation and sales volume in long-term Analysis: Since employees who grew up in retail they lack of potential to be consultants and mentally being a sort of â€Å"clerk† kind, therefore it would be hard for company to change their minds. By using SWOT analysis, I found out strengths of this company was the core idea that they are not just selling cloths but also understanding people, both your teammates and your customers. The weakness was not every employee understand this idea and treat customers the company wishes. Opportunities were their minds would be change after intensive training. Threat would be company spent extra resources on training. Recommendation: My suggestion on this problem is managers should be more responsible for hiring employees, and also they can get commissions if people who get promoted as qualified consultants. In the meanwhile, their wages would reduce if potential consultants perform badly in the future. By performance appraisal and sales data, superior mangers can make decisions on whether inferior managers get commissions or not. Outcomes: I expect mangers would follow the fundamental way to hire employees and they directly take responsibilities for their performance of those they hired. Mangers would be careful when they check the applications and since the employees have more consultant potentials than being a â€Å"clerk†, the company would save a lot of resources and spend these resources on more effective uses

Freezing Rain Definition

Freezing Rain Definition While beautiful to look at, freezing rain is one of the most hazardous types of winter precipitation. Accumulations of just several tenths of an inch of freezing rain may not sound significant, but are more than enough to break tree limbs, down power lines (and cause power outages), and coat and cause slick roadways. The Midwest often gets devastating storms of this nature. Rain that Freezes On Contact Freezing rain is a bit of a contradiction. The freezing part of its name implies frozen (solid) precipitation, but the rain implies its a liquid. So, which is it? Well, its kind of both. Freezing rain happens when precipitation falls as liquid raindrops, then freezes as it hits individual objects on the ground whose temperatures are below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The ice that results is called glaze ice because it covers the objects in a smooth coating. This happens in winter whenever temperatures at ground-level are below freezing but the layer of air overhead is warm at mid- and high levels of the atmosphere. So it is the temperature of objects at the earths surface, not the rain itself, that determines if the precipitation will freeze. Its important to note that freezing rain is in liquid form until it strikes a cold surface. Oftentimes, the water droplets are supercooled (their temperature is below freezing, yet they remain liquid) and freeze on contact. How Fast Freezing Rain Freezes While we say that freezing rain freezes on impact when it strikes a surface, in reality, it takes a little time for the water to turn to ice. (How long depends on the temperature of the water drop, the temperature of the object the drop strikes, and the size of the drop. The quickest drops to freeze will be small, supercooled drops that hit objects whose temperatures are well below 32 degrees.) Because freezing rain doesnt necessarily freeze right away, icicles and dripping icicles will sometimes develop.   Freezing Rain vs. Sleet Freezing rain and sleet are similar in a lot of ways. They both start out high in the atmosphere as snow, then melt as they fall into a warm (above freezing) layer of air. But while the partially melted snowflakes that eventually turn into sleet will fall through a brief warm layer, then re-enter a deep enough cold layer to turn back into ice (sleet), in a freezing rain setup, the melted snowflakes dont have enough time to freeze (into sleet) before reaching the ground since the layer of cold air is too thin.  Ã‚   Sleet not only differs from freezing rain in how it forms, but what it looks like. Whereas sleet appears as tiny clear ice pellets that bounce when they hit the ground, freezing rain coats the surfaces it strikes with a layer of smooth ice.   Why doesnt it just snow? In order to get snow, temperatures throughout the atmosphere would need to remain below-freezing with no warm layer to be found. Remember, if you want to know the type of precipitation youll get at the surface in wintertime, youll want to look at what the temperatures are (and how theyre changing) from high up in the atmosphere all the way down to the surface. Heres the bottom line: Snow forms if the entire layer of air aloft and near the ground is sub-freezing.Sleet forms if the layer of sub-freezing air is fairly deep (approx. 3,000 to 4,000 feet thick).Freezing rain forms if the sub-freezing layer is very shallow, with cold temperatures at the surface only.Rain forms if the cold layer is too shallow.

Exploring Cultural Identity through Language Essays

Exploring Cultural Identity through Language Essays Exploring Cultural Identity through Language Paper Exploring Cultural Identity through Language Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Read the excerpt from Speaking Arabic. At a neighborhood fair in Texas, somewhere between the German Oom-pah Sausage Stand and the Mexican Gorditas booth, I overheard a young man say to his friend, I wish I had a heritage. Sometimes I feel- so lonely for one. And the tall American trees were dangling their thick branches right down over his head. In this excerpt, the author reveals the narrators view on heritage by presenting dialogue that includes a contrasting perspective. Read the excerpt from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry. I do not believe we should have to leave out the crucial elements of our language and culture to contribute to American literature, but, unfortunately, this is a conclusion I am forced to reach. I have been writing for a quarter century, and have been a published author for eighteen years. As a writer, I was part of the Chicano Movement which created a new literature in this country. Which type of rhetoric is used most in the excerpt to convince readers that Anayas conclusion is accurate? an appeal based on the authors character Read the excerpt from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry. In other cases, the censoring has been direct and brutal. On February 28, 1981 the morning newspaper carried a story about the burning of my novel, Bless Me, Ultima. The book was banned from high school classes in Bloomfield, New Mexico, and a school board member was quoted as saying: We took the books out and personally saw that they were burned. Which best describes how Anaya effectively uses rhetorical appeal to convince readers that censorship is a tool of the powerful? Anaya presents facts from a newspaper story about school board members burning his books. Read the excerpts from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry and Speaking Arabic. My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. At a neighborhood fair in Texas, somewhere between the German Oom-pah Sausage Stand and the Mexican Gorditas booth, I overheard a young man say to his friend, I wish I had a heritage. Sometimes I feel- so lonely for one. And the tall American trees were dangling their thick branches right down over his head. Which best states how the structures of the excerpts differ? Anaya structures his excerpt as an analysis, while Nye structures her excerpt as an observation. Read the excerpt from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry. I do not believe we should have to leave out the crucial elements of our language and culture to contribute to American literature, but, unfortunately, this is a conclusion I am forced to reach. I have been writing for a quarter century, and have been a published author for eighteen years. As a writer, I was part of the Chicano Movement which created a new literature in this country. Which best describes how Anaya effectively uses rhetoric in the excerpt to convince readers that his conclusion is justified? Anaya establishes his credibility as a published Chicano author by discussing his career experience. Read the excerpt from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry. My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. Which best explains how Anayas tone establishes his voice in the excerpt? Anayas tone is passionate, which reflects his strong feelings about the topic. Read the excerpts from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry and Speaking Arabic. My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. At a neighborhood fair in Texas, somewhere between the German Oom-pah Sausage Stand and the Mexican Gorditas booth, I overheard a young man say to his friend, I wish I had a heritage. Sometimes I feel- so lonely for one. And the tall American trees were dangling their thick branches right down over his head. Which best states how the structures of the excerpts are similar? Each relates an anecdote to appeal to the readers emotions. Read the excerpts from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry and Speaking Arabic. My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. At a neighborhood fair in Texas, somewhere between the German Oom-pah Sausage Stand and the Mexican Gorditas booth, I overheard a young man say to his friend, I wish I had a heritage. Sometimes I feel- so lonely for one. And the tall American trees were dangling their thick branches right down over his head. Which best states how the structure of each excerpt supports a different tone? Anaya structures his text as an explanation, which gives it an authoritative tone, while Nye structures her text as an impression, which gives it a soothing tone. Read the sentence from Speaking Arabic. The cousins and neighbors file in to say, Keef ha-lik?- How are you?- the door opening into a thousand rooms. Which best explains how Nyes word choice helps establish her voice in the excerpt? Nye uses figurative language to support her opinion that staying connected to ones heritage makes life richer. Read the excerpt from Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry. My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. Which best explains how Anayas word choice establishes his voice in the excerpt? Anaya compares tortillas to the soul of a Mexican-American writer, emphasizing his belief that writers must be allowed to express their culture and heritage.

Collision Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collision Regulations - Essay Example It Important to take into consideration that it is not the high speed that solely becomes the use of a collision or accident. Rather it is the inaccuracy vessel operators have when estimating the speed difference between the vessels that creates much problems. Significant factor to take into regard when contemplating risks and collisions attributed to the advent of an 80 know ferry in the English Channel should encompass: The operator of the vessel has many more responsibilities than speed when preventing a collision. As the term itself implies, speed is a factor associated with timings. Controlling the speed involves evaluation of right timings of actions. When a vessel has to speed up to avoid collision, it must do so immediately. Designing of the vessel's structure and capabilities to meet such situations is a prerequisite. Speed is not the only factor responsible for a maritime collision and in cases of poor visibility and lighting speed is not even a factor. Collisions normally occur during overtaking and when the vessels meet head on. Rule 13(b) of International Collision Regulations states: "A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the

The Curse by Andre Dubus - Story Analysis Research Paper

The Curse by Andre Dubus - Story Analysis - Research Paper Example The curse entails about a rape case, which was witnessed by the character, Mitchell. It concentrates more about his opinions and views concerning the rape case and portrays how it generally affects him both socially and psychologically. Mitchell his hunted with guilt for what occurred has he did not do anything to help. He struggles with conflicts that hunt him internally, as he tries to manage the empathetic emotions. In this aspect fear, for being hurt or injured in the situation prevents him from intervening and the culture code make him question his essence of protection to a woman as a man. The story questions on aspect of manhood, action and inaction. After analysis of our fist character Mitchell, we consider the other essential characters in the story, which are the motorcyclists. The author describes them as egocentric, in human and inconsiderate people who acted in self-interest. He shows how passionate they were as they first entered into the bar, â€Å"their eyes were qui ck, alert as wary animals, and they spoke loudly, with passion, but their passion was strange and disturbing, because they were only chatting, bantering (the curse, p.274) We also have a clear outline of the people present in the bar, the author describes Bob, he described him as a black-haired man who is too big compared to Mitchell Hayes, the author states that Mitchell " looked from the door, past Bob to the empty space of floor at the rear; sometimes people danced there, to the jukebox" (pg.273). The story also analysis on the women and their views and their reactions towards the rape case, in the society, in â€Å"the curse† we have three women involved, we have the rape victim, Mitchell wife, and Mitchell stepdaughter. He states on how he met his wife "One night she came into the bar with two of her girl friends from work. She made sixdollars an hour going to homes of invalids, mostly what she called her little old ladies, and bathing them" (pg.276). The author expounds that after Mitchell gives a clear outline of the rape case to his wife Susan, she says that he did the right thing, Mitchell his portrayed as Susan’s â€Å"little old ladies†. Mitchell does not want to become just â€Å"a good witness† he fills that he ought to have done something. Mitchell feels he himself will be at trial for what he did not do to assist the young woman. In this page, we are able to known about women attitudes and the categories in which Mitchell wife and stepdaughter view the rape case. In the next part of the story, we are able to analyze on struggle that Mitchell went through during the rape period. Mitchell had to submit, like the girl and just watch what was going on. Victimization of Mitchell by the motorcyclists, psychologically affected him. Both the girl and he were considered as victims in the story. Mitchell could not fight the five strong men and to the author explanation, it becomes a rape case to Mitchell. The author states that Mitchell "looked once at her sounds, then looked down at the duckboard he stood on, or at the belly or chest of a young man in front of him," (pg.273). In the next part of the story, the author states on the continuous condition of Mitchell. Mitchell becomes a storyteller, instead of being the hero, in his story telling, Mitchell leaves out the aspect of being the coward person who was not able to assist the victim this haunts Mitchell. The story also analysis the caring aspect of Mitchell to his customers, in the

The Role of the Financial Manager MOD 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role of the Financial Manager MOD 1 - Essay Example Facebook is owned by Mark Zuckerberg. According to Read Write Web (nd), â€Å"Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room on February 4, 2004.† This is where people are able to exchange pictures, contacts, music, send messages and be in contact and make friends with other people just by sending them requests and after accepting you can be able to access their profile which has their personal information. As the owner, Mark Zuckerberg never had CPA and/or CFA designations but according to the Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia; He â€Å"studied psychology and computer science† The second example is Morningstar, Inc. This is owned by Joe Mansueto. According to United (2011), â€Å"Morningstar was subsequently founded in 1984 from his one-bedroom Chicago apartment In July 1999 Morningstar accepted an investment of US$91 million from SoftBank in return for a 20% stake in the company. The two companies had the previous year formed a joint venture in Japan. Morningstars initial public offering occurred on May 3, 2005, with 7,612,500 shares at $18.50 each. The manner in which Morningstar went public is notable. They elected to follow Googles footsteps and use the OpenIPO method rather than the traditional method. This allowed individual investors to bid on the price of the stock, and allowed all investors equal access. As of December 2008 Joe Mansueto owned approximately 57% of the outstanding shares in Morningstar.† Hence Joe Mansueto stopped being the Chief Finance Officer of the company in the Year 2008 When he become the Chief Executive officer after owning more than fifty percent of the shares. Joe Mansueto studied a degree in Business Administration hence he was an expert in running finances in his company. This has lead to tremendous growth of the company. Most of the CFO (Chief Finance Officer) are the individuals who founded their companies and after running them for some time and succeeding, they choose to hire someone to

Women Should Be Equal To Men Essay Example for Free

Women Should Be Equal To Men Essay Are women of less importance than men? In this paper, I will attempt to explore the difference in pay scales, which exist between men and women. It appears that women face discrimination on the economic front as they receive lesser pay scales, both nationally and internationally. Whether a woman is in the business world, or in the skilled labor profession, her salary does not equal that of the male counterpart. It is because of the ancient world view that men are the bread-winners of the family, and hence, in a male dominated society, women may continue to experience a gender disparity in the pay scales. I believe that the primary goal of the business world should be to create an atmosphere where men and women gain equal benefits. In my social work class, we learned that employee is dissatisfied with the feeling of being undervalued, and thus, it can take a toll on the productivity of the entire workforce. Therefore, companies should give equal opportunities to both men and women. For example, in education sector, the educated women with a Bachelor’s degree are only a small percentage of the total number of employees, and the percentage of educated women with a Master’s degree is much lower. Besides, their income is also lesser than men. In my field of social work, there are a high percentage of women who still earn lesser than men, and represent only a small number in the management positions. There are three tiers of occupations, which are grouped according to education: Managers and professionals, job supervisors including non-professional as well as self-employed workers, technicians, police, fire-fighters, clerks, etc. Read more:Â  Equality Between Man and Woman Essay , and less skilled workers like sales clerks, food and related service workers, unskilled blue collar workers, etc. In ancient American society, it was noted that the white women worked at home for rearing her children, irrespective of financial status, or social class of the family. At present, the employment market is operating on wage basis to meet the growing demands for production of goods. Considering the current gender bias situation in employment, men still have greater chances of being promoted than women in the upper management positions. Both white women and minority women placed at middle management positions face obstacles for getting promotion to upper management positions because most of the upper executives and operating officers are men, who tend to exclude hiring as well as promotion of women to higher management positions. Further promotions are often given to men who are already at the top of the ladder. It is a pity that women face problems of competition with men in the same profession upon graduation from college, even in the age of technological advancement. The solution of the problem is to give the same pretest to both men and women for judging their eligibility to qualify for equal pay scales for doing equal work. Moreover, it should be highlighted in the media that women should also have equal rights as men. Finally, I believe that this was a great subject to study, but I could not find the existence of gender bias in administrative and low pay scale clerical positions, where women are employed in comparatively larger numbers than women at either management positions, or in upper class professional positions such as engineers, doctors and lawyers. However, it is interesting to note that there are more women who own their business corporations worth billions of dollars. Although the gender bias gap may not be disappearing in terms of the fewer number of women at higher positions and grant of lesser pay scales to women, the appearance of independent women in charge of corporations, has yielded some fame and social status to the women population as a whole, which can be considered to reduce the gender gap to some extent.

Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality

Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality Examine to what extend biological factors account for an individuals’ personality? The term ‘personality’ is used in general conversation in many ways. When psychologists discuss personality they are concerned primarily with individual differences – the characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. This essay discusses personality in terms of the biological approaches that view characteristics as traits and considers the roles of genetics and environmental influences in the stability of individual characteristics. A lot of evidence points to the conclusion that individual differences, mostly measured as psychological traits are substantially influenced by genetic factors (Carver Scheier, 2000). This conclusion raises questions about research and theory in Psychology in terms of the variation of these traits in the population and the existence of psychopathology (Bouchard, 2004). Trait psychology has a clear set of assumptions including the heritability of traits and a causal model attributing individual differences in brain function into behavioural and learning differences (Gale Eysenck, 1992). The behaviour and molecular genetic evidence confirm that biology has its role in personality traits (Carey, 2002). Since the 1950’s Eysenck claimed that most of the differences we observe between people’s personalities can be accounted for by just three factors, expressed as bi-polar dimensions: (1) introversion-extraversion; (2) neuroticism-stability and (3) psychoticism. Eysenck (1994) also gave his typology a biological basis, linking it not with body fluids but with the central nervous system (introversion-extraversion) and the autonomous nervous system (neuroticism-stability). He proposed that individual differences in introversion-extraversion are explained by inherited differences in the excitatory potential of central nervous systems (CNS). Individuals whose excitatory potential is low are predisposed towards extraversion since the bias in their CNS is towards cells being inactive (inhibition) rather than active (excitation). This means extraverts require more going on around them for their brains to function adequately, and to maintain a reasonable level of alertness, than introverts do. Extraverts are ‘stimuli-hungry’ and not only have a CNS which switches off more readily, they take longer to dissipate the inhibition that has built up in their CNS while attending to a stimulus. Conversely, introverts, through their high excitatory potential, are already reasonably alert and thus less prone to switching their attention to other sources of stimuli; in other words, introverts are less easily distracted than extroverts. Introverts would also be less likely to have what is termed as ‘micro sleeps’ (switching off for a few seconds), because they dissipate any inhibition much more rapidly than extraverts do. Even before Eysenck’s theory was available, large individual differences had been observed in the ease with which individuals, in some occupational settings, doing jobs like radar and sonar operations, could cope with the low levels of signals on their screens or reported signals when none were present, while the performance of others seemed relatively unaffected by the low level of simulation (Eysenck Eysenck, 1985). Eysenck’s theory seemed to offer an explanation of this and other similar differences of behaviour. Extraverts because of the low level of activation in their nervous systems, find it difficult to cope with environments which provide low levels of unvarying stimulation. Introverts, on the other hand, with central nervous systems already reasonably activated find these environments ideal. Conversely they would be swamped by high levels of stimulation, which would cause a considerable reduction in their performance. Much of the impact of these physiological differences on psychological differences between individuals was presumed to arise from its effect on an individual’s conditionability (Eysenck, 1994). Introverts, since they build up inhibition slowly, are easier to condition than extraverts. This implies that introverts are constitutionally more likely to assimilate, through conditioning, the rules, obligations and attitudes of their social environment. Conversely, the impact of socialisation on extraverts is attenuated by their weaker conditionability. Extraverts are therefore less likely to acquire conforming and conscientious behaviour patterns than introverts. Though Eysenck, for the most part, has focused on exploring the biological substructure of the introversion-extraversion dimension, he has suggested that an individual’s position on the second dimension, neuroticism-stability, reflects the stability of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is the part of the nervous system, not directly under the conscious control, that carries a number of reflex activities; it is also involved in certain emotional responses. Some people inherit a labile ANS, which responds vigorously to stress and also takes some time to return to baseline. In addition, they experience more spontaneous activity, that is, shifts in activation which are not clearly attributable to external events. Conversely, some individuals are born with stable ANS characterised by weaker responses to stress, a more rapid return to baseline and spontaneous activity. This means individuals with a labile ANS are constitutionally more prone to worry, anxiety, embarrassment and stress than those with a stabile ANS. Thus, individuals towards the neuroticism end of the dimension have greater ‘free floating’ anxiety which, through conditioning, can become attached to events or people. This may mean that social interaction can, for some individuals, become ‘loaded’ with a considerable amount of anxiety. However, an important implication of Eysenck’s theory is that neuroticism is normally distributed along a continuum. In other words, there is not a discontinuity between normal people and conditions such as agoraphobia (i.e. fear of open spaces), which are simply the result of somewhat higher levels of anxiety response. If the agoraphobics can learn a more neutral response he or she will be able to resume a normal life. However, despite clear connections between an individual’s biological status and neuroticism, there are clearly very significant environmental considerations. Tong et al., (2000) found that levels of neuroticism (N) were causally related to environmental factors and, in particular, to the failure of affect ional bonds provided by a social network of friends and acquaintances. Similarly, Bouchard (2004) found that women with children at home under 15 years old and men and women who are unemployed are more likely to have neurotic problems. Thus, 25.4% of unemployed women and 13.6% of unemployed men had neurotic illness as compared with 8.9% of employed women and 5.5% of full or part-time employed men. The employed status of the subject’s spouse also plays a part in the prevalence of neurotic symptoms. Men with a wife at home are less at risk than those who have a wife at work. In women, those with an unemployed husband at home are more at risk than their peers with a husb and at work. Thus neuroticism, though having a large genetic component, seems to be also partly environmental, although the direction of cause-and-effect in such studies should not be presumed. Children in maturation process value immensely consistent parental, familial and peer encouragement and emotional support (Bouchard, 2004). Inadequate or culturally atypical child rearing practices, parental illness, marital disharmony and family disturbance are all associated with personality disorder. Nevertheless, the role of learning cannot be over-estimated. Many personality disorders, for example, can be described in terms of inappropriate thresholds to incoming stimuli (Krueger Markon, 2006). Low thresholds to frustration or tolerance lead to impulsive behaviour or loss of temper. A high threshold in relation to emotional sensitivity leads to over defensiveness and emotional coldness. Thus, a child with little innate tendency to loss of temper but, in a family where tempers are regularly lost and are socially effective and valued, will model this behaviour and lower her threshold. Impulsive behaviour may be more likely in children where impulsive behaviour flourishes in the f amily and subculture. In terms of genes and cognitive abilities, several researchers have estimated the separate effects of genes and environment in the expression of intelligence by comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins raised in the same environment with those raised in different environments (Bouchard et al., 1990). These can be viewed as experiments of nature (monozygotic and dizygotic twins) and experiments of nurture (raised in birth or adoptive families). Genes and environment are both correlated in birth families because the same parents provide both genes and environment. In adoptive families, the birth parents provide the genes and the adoptive families provide the environment. These studies have demonstrated that the correlation of the IQs of siblings raised in different environments is low, just over 0.20 (Bouchard McGue, 1981). Monozygotic twins of course share 100 percent of their genes, whereas dizygotic twins and other siblings share 50 percent. Clearly genes have stronger effect on I Q. However, the outcomes of twins studies do not refer to individual members of the populations under investigation. In other words, conclusions about the relationship between genes and IQ do not apply to individuals regarding the research evidence available. Nevertheless, the decreasing role of the environment in IQ seems to be counter-intuitive because research by Petrill et al., (1998) has shown that the longer twins experience different environments the more dissimilar should become. In other words, the effect of the environment on IQ is important in childhood but becomes increasingly unimportant in adulthood (Petrill et al., 1998). Nowadays, trait psychology has been challenged in terms of whether or not should we maintain individual differences in the functioning of broad neural systems as the principal explanations of personality? Cognitive and social-cognitive models may provide viable alternatives considering the impact of moderating factors. Further, both Eysenck and Gray assume that each trait relates to a single, key underlying system, but there might not be any simple one-to-one mappings between brain functions and traits (Zuckerman, 1991). These challenges presented by cognitive theorists and multiple-systems models of traits may be met in various ways. For example, improvements in the methodology for assessing brain functions may reveal that Eysenck and Gray are correct. Another approach maintains the centrality of neurophysiological explanations and seeks to develop more complex physiological models (e.g. Zuckerman, 1991). Furthermore, an alternative is to consider cognitive variables as mediating co nstructs so that they facilitate neural processes. In conclusion, some personality characteristics (such as general mood and energy level) are influenced by inherited biological factors. Eysenck (1985; 1994) thought that personality was determined more by genes than by environmental factors. Various personality attributes seem to be identifiable within weeks of birth and remain relatively stable in each child during the first three years. Although this clearly attests to the large genetic influence on early personality development, these biological factors cannot be viewed in a vacuum. Experiences that are common to the culture and the subculture group (such as gender roles) and experiences that are unique to the individual interact with inborn predispositions to shape personality. Personality develops in a constant interactive process between biological potential, environmental circumstances and social opportunity. References Bouchard, T. J. Jr. (2004). Genetic Influence on Human Psychological Traits: A Survey. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol 13 (4), August, 148-151. Bouchard, T.J. Jr. McGrue M. (1990). Genetic and rearing environmental influences on adult personality: an analysis of adopted twins reared apart. Journal of Personality, (58), 263-292. Carver, C.S. Scheier, M.F. (2000). Perspectives on personality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Carey, G. (2002). Human Genetics for the Social Sciences. London: Sage Eysenck, H. J. (1994). Personality: Biological foundations. In P. A. Vernon (Ed.) The Neurophysiology of Individual Differences. London: Academic Press. Eysenck, H. J. Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences. New York: Plenum. Gale A Eysenck M W (Eds.)(1992). Handbook of individual differences. London: Sage. Krueger, R. B. Markon K. E. (2006). Understanding psychopathology: melding behavior genetics, personality, and quantitative psychology to develop an empirically based model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15 (3), 113-117. Matthews G. Gilliland K. (1999). The personality theories of H. Eysenck and J. A. Gray: a comparative review. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 583-626. Petrill, S. A., Plomin, R., Berg, S. (1998). The genetic and relationship environmental relationship between general and specific cognitive abilities in twins age 80 and older. Psychological Science, 9, 183-189. Tong, H. J., Donald, W. P. Wade H. (2000) Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions. CRC Press. Zuckerman, M. (1991) Psychobiology of Personality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Compare and contrast the way the poets show the problems affecting the :: English Literature

Compare and contrast the way the poets show the problems affecting the culture they are writing about in Nothing's Changed and Blessing. Tatamkhulu Afrika, author of 'Nothing's Changed' has written a probably autobiographical poem, where he is revisiting scenes of his childhood; a reflective poem, that is very emotional. The poem set in South Africa, illustrates a society where rich and poor are divided. He remembers when he was a boy and the laws, enforced by police that separated the whites from the blacks. He has come back to Cape Town and seen that 'Nothing's changed' in the apartheid. Imtiaz Dharker author of 'Blessing' has written a descriptive poem, set in a hot country, where there is a shortage of water, as told in the opening lines of the poem where the human skin is compared to a seedpod, drying out till it cracks. The poem is set in India, in a village where there is poverty. We know that this because firstly there is a shortage of water, and secondly they live in huts. Consider also the last line, 'their small bones'. This could mean that there is also a shortage of food or it can also emphasis the size of the small children. In line 18, when it says 'and naked children', this also shows us that they have no clothes or it can emphasise the need of water to wash. Tatamkhulu Afrika shows us a society divided between the blacks and the whites. He also shows the difference between their cultures. 'District Six' is the name of a poor area of Cape Town. This area was bulldozed as a slum in 1966, but never properly rebuilt. Although there is no sign there, the poet can feel that this is where he is: 'but my feet know, and my hands.' Similarly the 'up-market' inn (brash with glass' and the bright sign, 'flaring like a flag', which shows its name) is meant for the white customers only. The 'whites only inn' is elegant, with linen tablecloths and a 'single rose' on each table. It is contrasted with the fast food 'working man's cafe which sells the local snack ('bunny chows'). There is no tablecloth, just a plastic top, and there is nowhere to wash one's hands after eating: 'wipe your fingers on your jeans.' This is all totally different from the poem written by Imtiaz Dharker, in which everyone as a community runs for the water and everyone has a right to the water, ('every man woman child for streets around'). There are many religious beliefs in 'Blessing', as you can see straight away from the title, which emphasises how holy the water is

Archeology Book Review

Bruseth and Turner’s book is highlights the finding of La Belle Ship wreck that happened thee centuries ago only to be excavated in latter years of twentieth century. The ship was owned by La Salle, a French renowned sailor who intended to establish a colonial in the new world.According to the evidence, Belle carried supplies that the new colony would need, especially in the early stages of establishment. The astonishing amount of artifact collected from La Belle’s resulted to a thesis that the founding was indeed an outstanding achievement that buried myths of what happened to the ship as well as filling the gaps on information missing in previous stories, something that could not have been achieved without such amount of evidence.Though deeply scholastic, the book is organized chronologically that is, in a story format and therefore allows those with interest in history and archeology to read and understand. To begin with, the authors have provided a backgrounder on L a Belle. Readers are therefore well prepared for information contained in subsequent pages.The background information on the ship and the owner further helps in understanding the importance of the wreck not just as part of archeological scholarship but also as part of American history.The authors then build up their story with research on what the world thought happened to the La Belle and eventually provide a vivid description of the excavations process. All these lead to keeping the reader well interested in reading further and therefore getting more informed regarding the story, archeology and its processes.Bruseth and Turner consulted a wide body of sources in their work. However, the greatest and most important sources are the millions of artifacts, including skeletons, collected from the wreck. Indeed, it is from these artifacts that Bruseth and Turner lead to conclusion that La Salle was well determined to establish a new colony in the New World.Pictures of the artifacts are contained and well explained. Bruseth and Turner have described maps of the route followed by La Belle. Sources from scholars have also been used especially in relation to perceptions of La Belle whereabouts. In addition, Bruseth and Turner and the company has beenReferenceBruseth, J. & Turner, T. (2007). A Watery Grave: The Discovery and Excavation of La   Ã‚   Salle’s Shipwreck La Belle. Collage Station: Texas A&M University Press.

Today’s Mythology

Mythology from the word itself means the study of myths. For the Greeks it was their attempt to explain the unexplainable, i.e. why the Sun rise and Sets or why man was created, for other peoples it was pretty much the same myths explained the gaps in their limited scientific knowledge. Today, we know a lot more about the working of the world and rely less on myths and more on science. However, the Gods, Heroes and Monsters of old are still relevant because the help us explain how human nature works.The website www.wgsn.com. is like Greek gods because they set the trends that designers will follow. This is after the fashion of the gods because the gods exemplified what was â€Å"good† behavior for Greeks, or at least what was acceptable in Zeus’ case. For example Ares, god of war, exemplified how warriors should be like, cruel and pitiless to foes valiant in battle. Like him   www.wgsn.com leads the way and show us what fashion for the next season will be like. There are a few brave souls who go against the trends displayed there   but there are few and rarely successful. After all, he who goes against the grain risks being ostracized by his peers.Turkish culture is also another god for me. Its rich culture inherited the cultural wealth of two great Empires. Both the Byzantines and the Ottoman Turks once called Turkey its heartland, at the height of their powers they were the center of the cultural world. I am honored to have inherited such a rich past and work to bring out my unique cultural individuality in my art.Monsters representations of excess that should be avoided. In fact, monsters in mythology are monsters precisely because they have either an excess or lack some human faculty. For example, the Minotaur is a monster because it was shaped like a man but was half bull. The Cyclops was a monster not only because it only had one eye but also because it lack human decency and compassion. Untidiness and moodiness are my monsters because t hey suppress my creative juices. If I am untidy I will not be able to properly design my creations and I might even end up ruining an otherwise brilliant design. When I become moody all creativity leaps out the window like a thief in the night. When I am moody I am not able to think objectively and I risk not finishing the work I set out to do. Like the monsters of old they can prevent me from becoming the best that I can be and I should always maintain constant vigilance against them.Heroes are a source of inspiration and pride for their people. Aeneas was mere prince of Troy in Homer’s Iliad. Virgil transformed him into the founder of Rome. His destiny was to found a new home for his exiled people. He suffered many setbacks and temptations. In spite of all the challenges Aeneas triumphed and made a new home for his people in Italy. Like Aeneas we face many challenges and trials in daily life. But if we persevere we may someday fulfill our own destiny.The same is true for my heroes Christobal Balenciaga and Coco Chanel. Both exemplify the highest levels of excellence that can be achieved in fashion. The Balenciaga and Chanel empires stand to this day as monuments to their skills in their art. Like any fashion designer I aspire to be as great as them someday. After all, which designer does not fancy that someday his or her name will live on immortalized in yearly fashion shows in Milan or Paris? Brightman, Robert A. (1988). â€Å"The Windigo in the Material World†. Ethnohistory 35Homer, Iliad II, 819-21; V, 217-575; XIII, 455-544; XX, 75-352;The Aeneid at http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/228