Db Lab Report - 847 Words

The repair of DSBs NHEJ initiates when the DSBs is first recognized by the Ku heterodimer, composed of the Ku70 and Ku80 proteins and binds to the DSB in a sequence-independent manner and in doing so and protects them from nucleolytic cleavage [33, 34]. The Ku heterodimer then acts as a scaffold to recruits number NHEJ proteins including DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) to the DNA ends. DNA-PKcs is a nuclear protein kinase that phosphorylates a number of protein targets, including Artemis. Once phosphorylated, Artemis forms an active endonucleolytic complex with DNA-PKcs that processes the DSB ends to make them compatible for ligation [33, 34]. Pol  µ and Pol ÃŽ » fill in the DNA gaps and lastly the XRCC4/Ligase IV complex is recruited†¦show more content†¦In the synapsis step, the Rad51-ssDNA filament (presynaptic filament) performs homology search and DNA strand invasion on a homologous region of another duplex, which results in the formation of a displacement loop (D-loop) [40]. In the post-synapsis stage of HR the invading 3†² end of the D-loop primes DNA synthesis by a DNA polymerase, which extends the D-loop enabling the second 3’ single strand terminal end of the DSB to base-pair with it - a process that is called second end capture. Once captured the second end can itself prime DNA synthesis, and the result of these â€Å"DNA transactions† is the covalent linkage of the recombining DNA molecules via two HJs. Depending on how the HJs are processed to form mature recombinant products three sub-pathways of HR are distinguished. In the canonical DSBR model the two HJs (doubleHJ/dHJ) can move along the DNA by a process called branch migration, which extends or limits the region of DNA heteroduplex formed by strand exchange catalyzed in the second step. Subsequently, dHJ intermediate could be resolved by endonucleases such as the Mus81-Eme1/Mms4 complex, Slx1-Slx4 and the GEN1/Yen1, resulting in the formation of either crossovers (CO) or non -crossover (NCO) recombinants depending on the orientation in which each HJ is cleavedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Method of Limits907 Words   |  4 PagesLab 4: Methods of limits Elizabeth Bryan Florida State University Lab 4: Method of limits. Sound waves are created when an object vibrates. They have two main components: frequency (pitch; measured in Hertz (Hz)) and amplitude (loudness, intensity; measured in decibels (dB)). 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